The invention provides a perambulated inspection system and method, wherein the perambulated inspection system comprises an installation frame, an upper computer, a plurality of cameras and a plurality of light sources; the cameras and the light sources are arranged on the installation frame; the installation frame is arranged above a target object and can move relative to the target object; the light sources are used for irradiating the target object; the cameras are used for shooting target object images so as to obtain target images; the cameras are used for sending the target images to the upper computer; and the upper computer is used for analyzing and processing the target images. According to the perambulated inspection system and method, disclosed by the invention, the effects of high efficiency on track perambulated inspection, accurate track defect positioning and high accuracy on defect size inspection can be achieved.