The invention discloses a bridge bearing capacity evaluation method based on a field tested influence line. The method is composed of such basic methods as a direct calculation evaluation method, a comparison evaluation method, a finite element model modification evaluation method and the like and mainly comprises the following steps: testing the field tested influence line of a bridge structure if the bearing capacity of the bridge structure can not be obtained by the conventional calculation evaluation method; then on the basis of actually measuring the field tested influence line, evaluating the bridge bearing capacity by the three basic evaluation methods of the method; and further evaluating the bridge bearing capacity with the help of such evaluation methods as load test if the evaluation conclusions can not be made by the three basic evaluation methods. The method has the following advantages: the existing bridge bearing capacity evaluation system is supplemented and perfected; and the method is mainly applied to general survey of the technical conditions of the bridges and evaluation of the bearing capacities of the conventional bridges and can also be applied to evaluation of the bearing capacities of special-shaped bridges, bridges for overweight vehicles to pass temporarily and dangerous bridges.