The invention discloses a catalytic graphitization method of polyvinyl tri(phenylethynyl)silane (PVTPES), and the method adopts nano-ferric oxide or nano-nickel as the catalyst for catalytic graphitization of PVTPES resin. Specifically, the method comprises: curing a vinyl tri(phenylethynyl)silane monomer for 2 hours at a temperature of 400DEG C, then porphyrizing the monomer and conducting sieving through a sieve of 120 meshes so as to obtain a powder material, adding nano-ferric oxide or nano-nickel powder into the powder material and mixing them uniformly, thus obtaining a premix; under the protection of nitrogen, heating the premix to a temperature of 400-600DEG C for carbonation for 2 hours, then raising the temperature to a graphitization temperature of 900-1600DEG C and carrying out thermal insulation for 4 hours. In terms of iron or nickel, the adding amount of ferric oxide or nickel accounts for 3-15 mass percent of the vinyl tri(phenylethynyl)silane monomer. With the method of the invention, a polyvinyl tri(phenylethynyl)silane resin carbon material with a high graphitization degree can be obtained at a low heat treatment temperature, and the graphitization degree can reach 91.86%.