A bill deposit/withdrawal device (1) according to the present invention makes it possible to shorten bill transfer passages that transfer bills and realizes a small and simple structure. The bill deposit/withdrawal device (1) comprises: an upper bill handling mechanism (1U) including a bill entrance part (10), a bill identifying part (20) for determining whether bills are normal or abnormal, and a bill exit part (30); a lower bill storage mechanism (1L) including a recycle storage part (40) for storing bills; a front bill storage mechanism (1F) including a loading/collection storage part (50); a transfer mechanism (60) comprising transfer passages; and a control part for controlling the components listed above. The upper bill handling mechanism (1U), the lower bill storage mechanism (1L), and the front bill storage mechanism (1F) are structured in the form of units which can be separated at the transfer passages of the transfer mechanism disposed among said mechanisms, and said mechanisms are structured such that bi-directional transfer is possible from the upper bill handling mechanism (1U) to the lower bill storage mechanism (1L), and from the lower bill storage mechanism (1L) to the front bill storage mechanism (1F).