Provided is a high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device. Two high temperature superconducting cables are connected through a transition copper metal end head, an electrifying conductor compensation flexible wire (19) and an electrifying conductor pressure welding terminal (20). A low temperature dewar pipe vacuum inserting-connecting male port (5) is inserted in a low temperature dewar pipe vacuum inserting-connecting female port (7). A semiconductive shielding layer (16) of the high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device is connected with a semiconductive shielding layer (10) in a high temperature superconducting cable body, an insulation layer (14) of the high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device is connected with an insulation layer (11) of the high temperature superconducting cable body, a semiconductive shielding layer (15) outside the high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device is connected with a semiconductive shielding layer (13) outside the high temperature superconducting cable body, a metal shielding layer (21) of the high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device is connected with a metal shielding layer (25) of the high temperature superconducting cable body, and a protection layer (17) of the high temperature superconducting cable multi-segment connection device is connected with a protection layer (12) of the high temperature superconducting cable body.