The invention relates to a data transmission system and a data transmission method based on a transmission and transformation project evaluation system, comprising an electronic evaluation device. The electronic evaluation device transmits a startup command to a conference server, and then the conference server transmits the startup command respectively to each client device and an electronic whiteboard device to start each client device and the electronic whiteboard device; meanwhile, the electronic evaluation device uploads the file information to a document service device cluster to be stored; each client device transmits the file request information to the electronic whiteboard device to be analyzed, and then the electronic whiteboard device synchronously transmits the analysis result back to each client device; and each client device receives information and interacts and communicates with the document service device cluster, and each client device retransmits the received conference request file information to the electronic whiteboard device to carry out operational display. According to the invention, the remote synchronous transmission is realized, the transmission speed is higher and the transmission performance is stable. The data transmission system and the data transmission method based on the transmission and transformation project evaluation system is widely applicable to various remote data transmission fields.