The invention belongs to parts for peanut harvesters in the field of agricultural machinery, and provides a header of a peanut combine harvester, which comprises a rear bearing block 1 and a front bearing block 3. A picking roller 2 is respectively connected to the front bearing block and the rear bearing block through bearings and disposed below a clamping conveying chain 8. A bevel gear 4 is disposed at the front end of one bearing and is in connection fit with a transmission shaft, and a bearing block 6 is disposed at two ends of the transmission shaft 5. A picking plate is disposed on the picking roller, and a helical angle is formed between the picking plate and an axis of the picking roller 2. By designing the picking roller and the picking plate on the roller, an effective threshing area is enlarged effectively, picking strength to peanut root systems gradually increases from front to rear, and the fine picking effect can be achieved for peanut plants with uneven peanut pant root systems.