The invention relates to an acid leaching method of vanadium-containing shale. In the invention, n acid leaching units for vanadium-containing shale are in series connection, i.e., liquid inlet pipe (9) of each unit is connected with overflow pipe (2) of previous unit, and overflow pipe (2) of each unit is connected with liquid inlet pipe (9) of next unit, to realize continuous production of acidleaching process; n-stage n-time acid leaching and one-time water washing are adopted, n is 3-6. The acid leaching process comprises stirring calcine and acid leaching solution at solid/liquid mass ratio of 1:(1.5-3) at 90-100 DEG C and 150-999 rpm for 30-75 min in corresponding acid leaching unit, and standing for 5-10 min. The first-stage leaching solution is 15-35% sulfuric acid solution, and the second-stage first-time to n-stage nth-time leaching solution is acid leaching solution and washing water from previous stage, so as to realize cyclic utilization of sulfuric acid solution and other acid leaching solution besides qualified acid leaching solution. The invention has the merits of simple process, low acid consumption, high vanadium leaching rate, and continuous production. The acid leaching solution satisfies requirement of subsequent extraction process.