The invention relates to the technical field of radiation detection, particularly to an X-ray checking system and a method for transmitting the data and the signaling in the system. The X-ray checking system includes an X-ray generating unit, a data collecting unit, a storage unit, a communication unit and an imaging and displaying unit, wherein the storage unit is used for caching the image data converted by the data collecting unit; and the communication unit is used for detecting the image data stored in the storage unit, converting the detected image data into general data format and sending the data of general data format to the imaging and displaying unit. The invention also discloses the method for transmitting the data or the signaling in the X-ray checking system. By adopting the X-ray checking system and the method for transmitting the data and the signaling in the system, the hardware resource is saved, the cost for the complete machine of the X-ray checking system is effectively reduced, the maintaining and the debugging of the equipment is greatly facilitated, the remote control and the remote data reading of the equipment can be realized, and the X-ray checking system and the method for transmitting the data and the signaling in the system are very suitable for improvement in the informatization and the modernization of the operation flow.