The invention provides a construction method of a low assembly type monolithic roadbed with an elastic short sleeper. The low assembly type monolithic roadbed comprises a roadbed foundation; and a drainage groove, a contact rail, a steel rail, a fastening system, a vibration attenuation mass block and a rail laying base mark are arranged in the middle of the roadbed foundation. The construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps that: a vibration attenuation base plate is arranged on the upper surface of the roadbed foundation; the vibration attenuation mass block is fixed connected on the vibration attenuation base plate; an insulating layer is arranged at the periphery of the vibration attenuation base plate; an L-shaped cross section positioning support is arranged at the periphery of the insulating layer; and the vibration attenuation base plate and the vibration attenuation base plate are locked on the roadbed foundation through anchoring pieces. According to the method and the low assembly type monolithic roadbed, the rail height is reduced, and the construction and the maintenance are convenient to implement. Meanwhile, the vibration attenuation requirements that the rail vibration is in a range of 8-12 can be met; the vibration attenuation requirements from residents and units along the way can met; and the normal travelling is not influenced by the rail construction in a project transformation process.