The invention discloses a bipolar direct current power transmission system with a direct current failure self-elimination capacity. The bipolar direct current power transmission system comprises two current converters, wherein the positive end and the negative end of the first current converter are connected with the positive end and the negative end of the second current converter through two direct current power transmission lines respectively; each current converter consists of a positive electrode current conversion unit and a negative electrode current conversion unit which are connected in series with each other; and joints of the positive electrode current conversion units and the negative electrode current conversion units are grounded. By adopting a bipolar structure, a failed pole is generally required to be closed during direct current failure, so that a perfect pole is not influenced; and therefore, the reliability of the system is improved. A technology that the middle part is led out and grounded is adopted, so that stage construction and storage increase and extension of the system are facilitated; a single pole is put into operation, and then two poles are put into operation, so that the investment benefit can be developed early; furthermore, a grounding branch supplies a current backflow channel to the system under a single-pole loop running mode; and the current of the grounding branch is extremely low during balance running.