The invention provides a data collection method based on a monochromator quick-scanning control system, which is used for quickly obtaining an XAFS (X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) spectrum. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, initiating the monochromator quick-scanning control system, wherein the step of setting the rotation speed w of a monochromator is performed; 2, rotating the monochromator to an initial energy point, and starting an ADC (Analog To Digital Converter); 3, making the monochromator rotate at the constant rotation speed w continuously and the ADC carry out continuous sampling at a constant speed, carrying out synchronous processing on the data collected by the ADC to obtain the XAFS spectrum, and synchronously outputting the XAFS spectrum; and 4, stopping the rotation of the monochromator after the monochromator rotates to a final energy point, and stopping the sampling of the ADC. According to the data collection method based on the monochromator quick-scanning control system, provided by the invention, the XAFS spectrum is obtained by the continuous rotation of the monochromator and the continuous sampling of the ADC, the sampling time is greatly saved, the measuring efficiency is increased, and more importantly, a time-resolved XAFS test can be carried out.