The invention relates to a five-drill air inlet and outlet type coal mining machine, applicable to mining of a coal bed with pitch of 0-25 degrees, thin and extremely thin coal beds containing gas and a liberation coal bed. The five-drill air inlet and outlet type coal mining machine mainly comprises a hydraulic motor, a bracket, a thrust cylinder, a transmission case and a spiral bit. Five drills are transversely arranged, thus mining efficiency of the coal mining machine is improved; and three intermediate drills are arranged in advance, and mining energy consumption is reduced by utilizing a crisp pressing effect of the coal bed. A machine set is provided with a blast fan and an induced-draft fan to realize ventilation of a working surface, and gas concentration is diluted, thus the machine set can mine a high-gas coal bed. A transmission drill rod and a ventilation drill rod convey coal at the same time, thus coal conveying efficiency of the coal mining machine is greatly improved. The transmission case adopts a bevel gear driving manner, a transmission case body is of a sectional type structure, volume of the transmission case is reduced, and coal passing efficiency of the transmission case is improved, thus the drills are avoided from being blocked and turning. The machine set can realize ventilation of a mining working surface, efficient mining of high-gas thin and extremely thin coal beds is realized, and the machine set has high working stability, reasonable structural arrangement, strong component interchangeability and easiness in maintenance.