A land resource assessment factor scope dividing method based on a shortest path includes: dispersing an assessment space range of land resource; setting up a road network dataset based on a road network of the assessment space range, wherein the road network dataset comprises network nodes and network edges; dividing the assessment space range into a plurality of assessment subareas; searching the assessment subarea of each grid in a grid set G; inquiring the network node and the assessment factor contained by each obtained assessment subarea; searching the network nodes to centralize the closest assessment factor of each network node; searching the closest assessment factor of each grid in the grid set G; and combining the grids with same closest assessment factors to obtain a corresponding assessment factor scope.