The invention provides an expansion compression type packer which comprises a sleeve and a packer center tube, a throttler and a check valve which are arranged in the sleeve. The throttler is arranged at the top end of the packer center tube; the check valve is arranged at the bottom end of the packer center tube; and an expansion rubber barrel, a compression rubber barrel, a retractable bracket and a compression rubber barrel bracket are sequentially arranged outside the packer center tube between the throttler and the check valve from top to bottom. A compression hydraulic cylinder of a compression type packer is saved; by additionally arranging the retractable steel sheet bracket, the rubber barrels are prevented from entering an annulus to form the jamming of a drilling tool after being compressed and deformed, the safety and the reliability of resisting the high temperature and the high pressure are improved, and the expansion compression type packer has low cost and high construction efficiency.