The invention discloses a traction device of a concrete slope expansion joint cutting machine and a using method. The device and method are used for drawing a cutting machine when cutting a concrete slope expansion joint. The traction device comprises a reel and a steel wire rope; a three-phase asynchronous motor, an electromagnetic adjustable-speed motor, a coupling, a speed reducer, a coupling and the reel are sequentially connected; and a reversing switch and an electromagnetic adjustable-speed motor controller are fixed in a distribution box. One end of the steel wire rope is fixed on the reel, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the cutting machine. The reversing switch is operated so that the cutting machine goes upward or downward. The device can control the climbing speed and direction of the cutting machine simply by adjusting the electromagnetic adjustable-speed motor controller and the reversing switch after being electrified, thus the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the operation is simple and safe, and the labor safety is improved. Since the traction speed is uniform and stable, the cutting quality is improved, the cutting slits are consistent in depth, the cutting speed is high, the construction period can be obviously shortened, and the working efficiency is improved.