The invention discloses an exhaust gas heat recovery and utilization system for a surface treatment workshop. The system comprises a heat energy recovery device, an energy storage device and a heat energy conversion device, wherein the heat energy recovery device and the energy storage device are communicated through a pipeline and form a heat energy recovery circulation loop; the heat energy recovery device is mounted in an exhaust gas pipeline in the surface treatment workshop; the energy storage medium in the heat energy recovery device absorbs heat of exhaust gas and enters the energy storage device; the energy storage device and the heat energy conversion device are communicated through a pipeline and form a heat energy conversion circulation loop; the heat energy conversion device is mounted in a to-be-heated chamber; the energy storage medium which absorbs heat energy is delivered in the heat energy conversion device through the pipeline and conducts heat exchange with air entering the to-be-heated chamber in the heat energy conversion device, so as to improve the temperature of air entering the to-be-heated chamber. The system provided by the invention can achieve the double effects of large wind-rate exhaust gas heat recovery and reutilization.