The invention discloses a passenger flow monitoring method of an urban rail traffic network, and relates to the technical field of urban rail traffic safety. The passenger flow monitoring method comprises the following steps of: S1: collecting real-time passenger ticket data of a rail traffic line ticket selling and checking system according to a pre-set period and calculating a bus station passenger flow, a line region passenger flow and a transferring passenger flow; storing the three passenger flows into a database; configuring a searching optimization policy; and S2: drawing a rail traffic pattern layer on an electronic map and accumulating the bus station passenger flow, the line region passenger flow and the transferring passenger flow into a region passenger flow; drawing a region path of the rail traffic pattern layer by different colors according to the passenger flows of each region; and according to a passenger flow early-warning region, rapidly reflecting large-scale passenger flow early warning and the degree. The passenger flow monitoring method realizes an accurate and real-time passenger situation distribution condition of a dynamic monitoring rail traffic line network, and effectively improves the efficiency of calculating the line network passenger flow.