The invention provides an ATCA (Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture) blade single board system and a debugging method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The ATCA blade single board system comprises a Zonel connector, a hot plug circuit, an isolated power module, an ATX (AT extended) power supply and a main circuit module, wherein the Zonel connector, the hot plug circuit, the isolated power module and the main circuit module are orderly connected, and the ATX power supply is connected with the main circuit module. In a debugging process of the ATCA blade single board system, firstly, a zero ohm resistor RA is cut off, then a zero ohm resistor RB is welded, and thus ATX power can be used for debugging the main circuit module. According to the ATCA blade single board system and the debugging method thereof, the ATX power belonging to the computer field and the ATCA blade belonging to the communication field are skillfully combined together, and the ATX power is connected to the main circuit module of the ATCA blade single board system through the zero ohm resistors, so that the debugging of the ATCA blade single board is time-saving and relatively convenient, and the debugging complexity is reduced. Moreover, the system and the method are widely used in actual projects, the practicability is high, and the method is simple and reliable.