The invention discloses a push-and-pull self-locking clamp, which comprises a fixing plate, a clamping mechanism arranged in the fixing plate and a self-locking mechanism, wherein a gap is formed on the edge of the fixing plate; the clamping mechanism comprises two clamping pieces; the two clamping pieces are pivoted in the fixing plate, and a clamping region corresponding to the gap is formed between the two clamping pieces; one end of each clamping piece stretches into the gap, and the other end of each clamping piece is in elastic connection with the fixing plate; the self-locking mechanism is positioned between the two clamping pieces, and comprises a connecting pin, a guide rod and two self-locking rods; one end of the guide rod is jointly pivoted with one end of one self-locking rod and one end of the other self-locking rod through the connecting pin; one end of the guide rod can be arranged on the fixing plate along a forming direction of the gap in a sliding mode; the other end of one self-locking rod is pivoted on one clamping piece; and the other end of the other self-locking rod is pivoted on the other clamping piece. The push-and-pull self-locking clamp can integrate pushing and pulling functions and has a self-locking function so as to be suitable for pushing and pulling medium and large workpieces in a dangerous production environment.