The invention discloses a system and a method for evaluating use safety of an anti-explosion container. The system comprises a simulation floor which is below the anti-explosion container and used for assembling a fragment test target plate of an operation place of the anti-explosion container, a biological damage simulation unit around the anti-explosion container, a shock wave over-pressure test system arranged on the side, on the top side, on the bottom side or at the opening of the anti-explosion container, and a high-speed motion analysis system arranged on one side of the anti-explosion container. The method is applied to the system to evaluate the use safety of the anti-explosion container and used for respectively testing the explosion results with the protection of the anti-explosion container and without the protection of the anti-explosion container and comparatively analyzing the explosion results. The system and the method disclosed by the invention implement the qualitative analysis and the quantitative test on the shock wave and the explosion fragment from the explosion, and the qualitative evaluation on situations of damages of the explosion phenomenon on ambient environments and people around the environments and the like with the protection of the anti-explosion container. The difficulty in comprehensively evaluating the use safety of the anti-explosion container is solved.