The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation, in particular to a stump reserving bud afforestation method for cutting a poplar industry raw material forest. The stump reserving bud afforestation method comprises a first step of cutting poplars in the poplar industry raw material forest before sap flows in spring, reserving stumps, and enabling the tops of the stumps to be higher than the ground; a second step of enabling the soil to be covered on the stumps, and enabling the thickness of the covering soil to be higher than the tops of the stumps; a third step of instantly irrigating the poplar industry raw material forest where the soil is covered; a fourth step of performing intertillage on the poplar industry raw material forest undergoing natural reforestation; and a fifth step of enabling the growth height of buds of the stumps to be 8cm to 10cm. According to the stump reserving bud afforestation method, the complex afforestation process of digging original stumps, flattening land, digging planting holes, purchasing seedlings and planting is not required, the afforestation cost is reduced, the tree nutrition absorption area is large by reserving huge root systems of the original trees, growth of the trees is accelerated after the renewed trees grow normally, the cutting cycle is shortened simultaneously, and production benefit is greatly improved.