The invention discloses a unidirectional spray type fire extinguishing bomb without high explosive fragmentation, includes a housing (4), a fuse (6), an igniter (3), an fire extinguishing agent (9) and a main charge (10), and further includes a tail braking device (1), combustor (8), a plate closure (2), a piston (7) and a diffuser (5). The housing (4), the tail braking device (1) and the piston (7) are made of light metal materials; the housing (4) is cylindrical; the tail braking device (1) is arranged at the bottom of the housing (4) and is fixed with the housing (4) through a screw nail; and the fuse (6) is arranged on the diffuser (5) and is fixed through a screw nail. During working process, when the fuse (6) detects the fire extinguishing bomb to be 5-10 meters far away from a combustion source, the igniter (3) ignites the main charge (10), the piston (7) is pushed under high pressure to move in the housing (4), and the fire extinguishing agent (9) is sprayed out from spraying holes to the combustion source for fire extinguishing. The present invention has simple structure, and has no lethality when the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed.