The invention discloses an improved thread level speculation (TLS) method and an improved TLS device. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a thread speculation message in a network message, and distinguishing and arranging the priorities of access request messages which are sent by a previous thread and a subsequent thread to determine a priority sequence, wherein the priority of the access request message which is sent by the previous thread is higher than that of the access request message which is sent by the subsequent thread; and transmitting the corresponding access request messages to directory nodes according to the determined priority sequence, and reading or writing data at the directory nodes. By adoption of the method provided by the invention, the priorities of access requests in the thread speculation message are distinguished, the priorities of a plurality of threads in a program are distinguished, and the data at the directory nodes can be read or written according to the priority sequence, so squash of the threads is avoided, the squash rate of the threads and the power consumption of TLS are reduced, and the performance of the TLS is stabilized and improved.