The invention relates to an inrush current recognition method and a low-voltage and medium-voltage quick disconnection protection method utilizing same. The technical scheme includes that a secondary harmonic locking criterion and a locking criterion by a waveform comparison principle are adopted to judge phases or logics on the basis of self quick disconnection overcurrent criteria of a circuit (while keeping the direction and low-voltage locking selective), phase-separation locking is realized, and the inrush current recognition with a low-voltage open criterion is adopted and differentiates magnetizing inrush current from fault current of an air-dropped distribution transformer when the circuit in a power distribution network is manually closed or repeatedly closed. Accordingly, reliability of quick disconnection protection is guaranteed while speediness of the quick disconnection protection is ensured.