The invention discloses a carbon fiber composite material cable and a preparation method of a cable core of the carbon fiber composite material cable. The preparation method comprises the following steps: testing and adjusting the tensile forces of carbon fibers and glass fibers; dewatering; pulling the carbon fibers into a procuring die (3) by infiltrating adhesive in a constant temperature adhesive groove; operating the glass fibers to pass through a rectangular splitting plate (4); pulling the carbon fibers into a curing die (5); feeding the glass fibers through a planar guide plate (6), and then puling into the curing die (5) so as to wrap the surrounding parts of the carbon fibers with the glass fibers, thus obtaining the carbon fiber composite material cable core. The method provided by the invention has high operability and relatively high production efficiency, can saves large amount of manpower and materials, and has low cost of production; and the carbon fiber composite material cable core prepared by the method has relatively high linearity, high roundness, no eccentricity, no bending, and high consistency in color; and as the detecting results shown, the carbon fiber composite material cable core has the advantages of high temperature resistance, lower energy consumption, long service life, no eccentricity, and good performance.