The invention discloses a method and a system for roll-call testing of optical fibers. The method includes: an RTU (remote terminal unit) performs OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometry) testing for an LMC (land mobile channel) designated optical fiber under control of an LMC and sends an OTDR curve obtained by OTDR testing to the LMC; the LMC receives the OTDR curve to perform fault analysis according to the OTDR curve; and the LMC stores fault analysis results. The method and the system are capable of performing fault testing for the designated optical fibers.