A laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing system belongs to the field of nondestructive testing and evaluation of metal materials. The nondestructive testing system first uses a pulsed laser system to emit a laser pulse, which is transported to the surface of a metal material through a line focusing optical lens; a thermal expansion principle or ablation principle of the metal material surface caused by laser is utilized to motivate ultrasonic; and then a designed electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor can receive ultrasonic signal in a lift-off distance of no more than 10 mm (lift-off distance refers to the distance between the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and the material to be detected). The system overcomes a problem that an existing laser ultrasonic detection technology is difficult to be used for the detection of material with rough surface, so as to get rid of the limit that the lift-off distance of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor must be less than 2mm. The system uses simple equipment, is convenient for operation and easy for practicability, and has high measurement accuracy and good repeatability. Therefore, the system provided by the invention is beneficial to further promotion and application of laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology, and has great economic and social benefits.