Disclosed is a piezoelectric actuator for which discrimination of orientation is easy, and which is capable of easily measuring electrical properties. The piezoelectric actuator (20) is provided with a piezoelectric substrate (21), first and second electrodes (22 and 23), and a conductive film (24). The first and the second electrodes (22 and 23) apply voltage to the piezoelectric substrate (21). The conductive film (24) is formed upon the first electrode (22). The conductive film (24) comprises a metal or alloy of different color tone than the second electrode (23).