The invention discloses a temperature-controllable cargo cold chain transportation ice box with a refrigeration medium. The temperature-controllable cargo cold chain transportation ice box comprises a refrigeration device, a refrigeration chamber and a box body, and is characterized in that a heat preservation layer is arranged in a heat preservation shell body of the refrigeration device; a medium flow-out pipe is connected below an alcohol dry ice medium container and is connected with a cold and heat exchange copper pipe by connecting a valve and a relay; the valve, the relay and the cold and heat exchange copper pipe are connected with a medium recycling container through a medium backflow pipe; a CO2 discharging microhole is formed in the medium recycling container; the cold and heat exchange copper pipe is arranged below an isolation layer at the bottom of the heat preservation shell of the refrigeration device; and the valve and the relay are connected with each other through a singlechip arranged in a temperature controller in a control manner. According to the temperature-controllable cargo cold chain transportation ice box, a cold medium made of alcohol replaces a compressible refrigerant of a refrigerator; a heavy motor and a heavy compressor are eliminated; the temperature-controllable cargo cold chain transportation ice box is light in weight and can automatically control the temperature; the refrigeration time period is prolonged; a cooling medium can be added during refrigeration; and the temperature-controllable cargo cold chain transportation ice box can be used for a relatively long time.