The invention discloses a honing device and particularly discloses a vertical ultrasonic cylindrical honing device. The vertical ultrasonic cylindrical honing device comprises a floating mechanism, a collecting device and a honing head. The floating mechanism comprises a fixing ring disposed on the outer side of an ejector rod. A sliding bush is disposed in the floating mechanism and is located outside the fixing ring. A linear bearing is disposed between the sliding bush and the fixing ring. A pull-up spring is disposed outside the sliding bush. The honing head comprises an inner part and an outer part. A circular wedging sleeve is arranged between the inner bottom of the outer part and the outer bottom of the inner part. A piezoelectric chip set is embedded in the circular wedging sleeve. A plurality of oilstone holders are evenly fixed on the lower inner wall of the inner part. An oilstone bar is fixed to each oilstone holder. The vertical ultrasonic cylindrical honing device allows the oilstones to vibrate radially (transversely), so that ultrasonic energy transmission chains are shortened and the oilstone bars are fast to replace. The vertical ultrasonic cylindrical honing device is especially applicable to processing of cylinders with small diameter and is available in forming overlapping curves on the surfaces of the cylinders.