The invention discloses a low frequency oscillation distinguishing method based on response ingredient and oscillation characteristic identification. The low frequency oscillation distinguishing method mainly comprises the following steps: selecting to-be-analyzed oscillation data; identifying response ingredients and oscillation characteristics; first distinguishing negative damping oscillation, ending if the oscillation is negative damping oscillation, or else performing distinguishing of resonance oscillation; if the oscillation is distinguished to be resonance oscillation in the distinguishing process of the resonance oscillation, and transferring to distinguishing of positive damping resonance and zero damping resonance; otherwise, transferring to distinguishing of positive damping free oscillation, performing distinguishing of zero damping equiamplitude free oscillation if the oscillation is not positive damping free oscillation, performing distinguishing of zero damping beat frequency oscillation if the oscillation is not distinguished to be zero damping equiamplitude free oscillation, performing distinguishing of positive damping beat frequency oscillation if the oscillation is not distinguished to be zero damping beat frequency oscillation, and ending. The low frequency oscillation distinguishing method has the advantages of being simple and clear in principle, distinguishing finely and being complete in criterion.