The invention relates to a method for achieving security data transmission by utilizing a compressive sensing theory. Currently, the compressive sensing theory has not been applied to guaranteeing security of data transmission between a source end and a destination end in a data communication process. The source end is encrypted by a random projection matrix and a random vector, and the destination end is decrypted by the sub-matrix of the left zero matrix of the random projection matrix to re-construct data to be transmitted. Mutual information attribute in an information theory is used to prove that the data transmission method disclosed by the invention has perfect security, i.e., the method is safe to a ciphertext-only attack. The method is not only applicable to a point-to-point communication, but also applicable to multipoint-to-point communication and multipoint-to-multipoint communication. Especially when computing power of the data source end and the destination end is asymmetric (in such application fields as internet of things, wireless sensor network and the like), the method has greater advantages.