The invention discloses a super-capacitor terminal voltage control method based on a battery and a super capacitor. The method comprises the following steps: 1) calculating intermediate and low frequency components and a high frequency component of output power of a renewable energy source; 2) adopting the super capacitor to compensate the high frequency component of the output power fluctuation of the renewable energy source, and adopting the battery to compensate the intermediate and low frequency components of the output power fluctuation of the renewable energy source; and 3) correcting the output power of the super capacitor according to surplus capacity of the super capacitor, and obtaining the output power reference value of the super capacitor. When the battery and the super capacitor are used to compensate the high frequency component and the intermediate and low frequency components of the output power fluctuation of the renewable energy source, the output power is corrected according to the surplus capacity of the super capacitor, so that the terminal voltage of the super capacitor can be efficiently controlled. The method can be used to avoid the terminal voltage out-of-limit of the super capacitor while inhibiting the output power fluctuation of the renewable energy source.