The invention relates to an on-road impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring system of a large electric power item, belongs to the technical field of large electric power item transportation and monitoring and aims at providing a device capable of performing long-term, accurate and wireless on-road impact vibration monitoring of a large electric power item. The system comprises an integrated controller, a router and an impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring device, wherein the integrated controller is installed in a cab of a large electric power item transportation vehicle, the router is installed at the top end of the large electric power item, the impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring device is installed at the front end or the rear end of the large electric power item, the integrated controller, the router and the impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring device are communicated with one another through a wireless network, the integrated controller stores messages sent by the router and the impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring device, and the impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring device comprises a high accuracy impact vibration sensor which acquires on-road impact vibration of the large electric power item. The on-road impact vibration wireless real-time monitoring system is applicable to transportation of various large electric power items.