The invention relates to a box type drying machine, and belongs to the field of crop drying. A reversible ventilating box type drying machine comprises a closed drying box body, wherein ventilating openings are formed in one side of the drying box body and are connected with a fan through air inlet pipes; a temperature measurement sensor is arranged in the drying box body and is electrically connected with a controller; and the controller is electrically connected with heating equipment and the fan. The reversible ventilating box type drying machine is characterized in that two air inlet pipes and two ventilating openings are provided; the ventilating openings are formed in the lower part of the drying box body; a baffle is vertically arranged in the drying box body, so that the inner part of the drying box body is divided into two half box chambers of which the tops are communicated; the baffle is vertically fixed at the bottom surface of the drying box body; meshed plates for placing materials to be dried are horizontally arranged in the two half box chambers; a left air chamber and a right air chamber are arranged below the meshed plates in the two half box chambers; and each air pipe and each ventilating opening are respectively connected with each air chamber. According to the eversible ventilating box type drying machine, the high-water-content grain and oil crops can be dried by using a method for alternately ventilating or simultaneously ventilating by the left air chamber and the right air chamber.