The invention discloses a power grid current limiting device, a power grid current limiter and a power grid current limiting system. The power grid current limiting device comprises a first current limiting reactor, a first intelligent high speed switch, a current transformer and a controller, wherein the first intelligent high speed switch is parallelly connected with the first current limiting reactor, the current transformer is sleeved on a bus on one side of the parallelly connected first current limiting reactor and the first intelligent high speed switch and is used for monitoring current in the bus in real time, the controller is connected with the current transformer and used for controlling to switch off the first intelligent high speed switch when the current is larger than the first preset value and to switch on the first intelligent high speed switch when the current is smaller than the second preset value, and the first preset value is larger than the second preset value. By the aid of the power grid current limiting device, the power grid current limiter and the power grid current limiting system, running reliability of a power grid is improved, and the power grid current limiting device can be utilized in series to economically and effectively limit short-circuit current level of the power grid smaller than 330 (500)KV.