The invention provides a device for detecting, analyzing and processing reward operation condition reflection in real time. The device comprises a computer system and an experiment box, wherein the computer system comprises a computer host, a PCI (programmable communications interface)/CAN (controller area network) card, a graphic card, a display and an experiment control module; the graphic card is used for receiving video signals of a camera and transmitting the video signals to the computer host for processing; the display is connected with the computer host and is used for displaying experiment data; and the experiment control module is used for setting a reward experiment mode and parameters, receiving and processing the video signals and counting, recording and displaying the experiment data. With the adoption of the device for detecting, analyzing and processing the reward operation condition reflection in real time, various best experiment conditions are set according to experiment purposes; the experiment data and statistic analysis can be automatically given; the interference of external light sources on the experiment can be avoided; and the repeatability of the experiment is guaranteed.