The invention discloses a mine whole-tailing and composite superfine cement bond filling material, which is formed by mixing the components such as composite superfine cement, whole tailings and water, and a mass ratio of the composite superfine cement to the whole tailings to the water is (30-100): (900-970): (150-350); and the composite superfine cement is formed by mixing a dispersing agent and superfine cement, and a mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the superfine cement is (0.1-0.5): 100. According to the invention, the bond filling material is formed by mixing the composite superfine cement, the whole tailings and water, the fineness of the superfine cement is 400-800 m<2>/kg (the fineness of general purpose portland cement is 300-400 m<2>/kg), the finer the cement particles, the greater the surface action (namely the cement particles are more likely to cluster), the superfine cement particles in the composite superfine cement are dispersed in the whole tailing particles through the dispersing agent, so that the composite superfine cement bond filling material can meet the requirements of filling material conveying and strength, therefore, the mixing amount of the composite superfine cement is reduced, and the filling material cost is lowered.