The invention relates to the technical field of neuroengineering and particularly relates to a method and a device for reading state recognition based on electrooculogram signals. The method comprises steps of collecting electrooculogram signals of testees and preprocessing electrooculogram signals; smoothening preprocessed electrooculogram signals combining with a morphology algorithm; extracting characteristic pulses corresponding to all reading phases; and determining whether testees are in a reading state in accordance with characteristic pulses. Collected electrooculogram signals are smoothened through the morphology algorithm, characteristic pulses corresponding to all reading phases are extracted, and whether testees are in a reading state is determined in accordance with characteristic pulses. By the aid of the method and the device, the reading action can be recognized effectively, the device is convenient to carry along, subject factor effect is avoided, accurate object data can be provided, and reading research in daily life, clinical diagnosis or treatment of reading disorder patients are facilitated.