The invention provides a method for extracting valuable metals from neutral leaching residue of zinc oxide. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing ground neutral leaching residue of zinc oxide and a sulfuric acid solution for size mixing; feeding air into sizing agent; under certain conditions, stirring for carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure acid leaching; then filtering to obtain leaching liquid containing zinc and indium valuable metals and filter residue enriched in lead valuable metal; feeding the obtained leaching liquid containing zinc and indium valuable metals into an indium leaching system so as to extract and separate zinc, indium and other valuable metals; and feeding the filter residue enriched in lead valuable metal into a lead smelting system so as to recycle lead and other valuable metals. According to the method, high-temperature and high-pressure acid leaching is adopted for processing neutral leaching residue of zinc oxide, the leaching rates of zinc and indium are as high as more than 98% and 96% respectively, and the slag rate of lead is more than 97%, so that the recovery efficiency of zinc, indium and lead valuable metals in the neutral leaching residue of zinc oxide is greatly improved; the method has the characteristics of being simple and easily controlled in technology, short in technological process, low in reagent consumption, small in slag return amount and the like; and the environmental pollution is reduced, and comprehensive recovery utilization of valuable metals in the neutral leaching residue of zinc oxide is realized.