A deep foundation pit support structure acting with soil comprises vertical support piles beside a foundation pit, a horizontal pile plank clamped among the vertical support piles, and an injected concrete surface layer among the vertical support piles. The vertical support piles and the horizontal pile plank are fixedly connected through a surrounding purlin, and the injected concrete surface layer is arranged among the fixedly connected vertical support piles. By utilizing vertical force of soil covered on the horizontal pile plank as stable resisting force for overturning of the support structure, the deep foundation pit support structure is simple in form and convenient to construct, and the horizontal pile plank can be recycled. The deep foundation pit support structure has the advantages that construction efficiency is improved, reliability is high and construction application cost is low.