The invention discloses an aquatic plant system for recovering original ecology of polluted water. Firstly, according to the hydrological condition of the polluted water and the current condition of aquatic plants, aquatic plants suitable for growth in the polluted water are selected, and three regions of an interception wave-resistant belt, a three-dimensional interception belt and an aquatic plant recovering belt are constructed by using the aquatic plants in different ecological niches for three-dimensionally removing nitrogen and phosphorus of the water and bottom mud, and thus original aquatic plants are recovered, and the pollution consumption capacity of the water is further enhanced. The aquatic plant system has two functions of water treatment and ecological recovery, and is simple to operate and low in cost.