The invention discloses a tobacco combustion device. The tobacco combustion device orderly comprises a combustion chamber, a cooling water tank and a heat-insulation layer from inside to outside. Upper and lower surfaces of the combustion chamber are simultaneously heated by a heat source. A temperature in the combustion chamber is controlled by a rigid thermocouple installed in the geometric center of the combustion chamber. Multiple gas inlet and outlet pipes of the combustion chamber are arranged on the peripheral surface of the combustion chamber and are staggered at equal included angles as intervals. The gas inlet and outlet pipes extend outside the heat-insulation layer from the interior of the combustion chamber. An end of the gas outlet pipe extending outside the heat-insulation layer is provided with a Cambridge filter device. The arrangement level of a cooling water inlet pipe of the cooling water tank is lower than that of a cooling water outlet pipe, and the cooling water inlet and outlet pipes extend outside the heat-insulation layer from the interior of the cooling water tank. The tobacco combustion device can control a reaction temperature and a reaction atmosphere, avoids the influence produced by momentum, quality and energy transmission, utilizes 10 to 100g of cut tobacco, and provides accurate dynamics data for acquisition of main smoke components produced by cut tobacco combustion and pyrolysis.