The invention discloses a preparation method of a nanofiber SSC based cathode material, and relates to a preparation method of a cathode, aiming to solve the technical problem of large interfacial polarization impedance of the cathode prepared by the method. The composite cathode comprises an electrolytic strip, an anode or a cathode as support bodies, and the one-dimensional nanofiber SSC cathode material Sm(1-x)SrxCoO(3-delta) adhered on the support bodies, wherein electrolyte nanoparticles are adhered on the SSC fiber. The preparation method of the composite cathode comprises the steps of soaking a one-dimensional nanofiber SSC cathode framework in a small amount of electrolyte precursor liquid by multiple times; and sintering to obtain the composite cathode based on the one-dimensional nanofiber SSC material. The composite cathode provided by the invention can be used in a medium-and-low-temperature solid oxide fuel battery.