The invention relates to a coding and decoding method of a combining information source and information safety in the field of communication coding. The coding and decoding method of combining the information source and the information safety based on consultative committee for space data system (CCSD) internet data center (IDC) mainly solves the problems of high computation complexity and insecurity and the like in existing information source coding and information safety independent coding and decoding. According to the method, third level two dimension discrete wavelet transformation is performed to an input original image so that the image is divided into a direct current coefficient and alternating current coefficient. After the direct current coefficient is quantized, random arithmetic coding controlled by short message service 4 (SMS 4) grouping secret key arithmetic is performed so that a coding section is disorganized, data compression is finished and meanwhile, encryption of data is achieved; after bit plane coding is performed to the alternating current coefficient, array encryption is performed; and decoding is the inverse process of coding. According to the method, computation complexity is reduced, good safety is provided, and the method is suitable for effective and safe transmission of the image and a video in a deep space network with resources constrained.