A method for conducting active thermal protection on a tunnel shallow buried section in a permafrost region using a hot bar cluster comprises the following steps: collecting meteorological data in a tunnel site area; combining construction geological exploration data to ascertain the basic thermophysical parameters, permafrost types, superior limit depth, ground temperature annual mean changing depth and annual mean changing depth of the surrounding rocks in the tunnel shallow buried section; determining the burying range and the burying depth of the hot bar cluster, arranging the hot bars in an equilateral triangle mode, and determining the length of the hot bars according to the burying depth; and burying the hot bars by means of drilling insertion method, promoting the refreezing of the surrounding rocks in the hot-melt circle of the tunnel shallow buried section and the rapid forming of frozen earth seepage-proofing curtain in the tunnel surrounding rocks by means of the 'active' temperature-reduction property, that the hot bars can actively extract heat in the surrounding rocks out and send the heat into the atmosphere, of the hot bars, and conducting the thermal protection on the tunnel shallow buried section structure. The method for conducting the active thermal protection on the tunnel shallow buried section in the permafrost region using the hot bar cluster can accelerate the refreezing of the surrounding rocks in the hot-melt circle of the tunnel shallow buried section, shorten the freeze thawing circulation period and resolve the problems that the refreezing cycle of the surrounding rocks in the tunnel shallow buried section is long, a waterproof and drainage system is prone to becoming invalid and a freeze-thaw damage occurs in a supporting structure.