The invention relates to an arc-shaped surface thermoplastic mould and a processing method utilizing the mould to produce micro-corrugated straw veneers. The arc-shaped surface thermoplastic mould comprises an upper mould, a lower mould and a base, the upper mould and the lower mould are mutually matched and adaptive in shape, the lower mould is disposed on the base and supported by the same, and gap passages for saturated hot steam to pass are reserved between the inner surface and the outer surface of the lower mould. The processing method utilizing the mould to produce the micro-corrugated straw veneers includes the steps: (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) performing fiber coating; (3) spreading coated fibers; (4) performing thermal briquetting for the spread materials to form plane veneers; (5) performing thermal plastifying for the surfaces of the plane veneers; and (6) enabling the plane veneers to be micro-corrugated. The mould and the processing method have the advantages that gluing thickness of the surfaces of the veneers is uniform, so that in a multi-layer board production process, gluing quality between the veneers is improved greatly, micro corrugations between two adjacent veneers are mutually pressed into base materials of each other, integrity is improved, performances in various aspects of boards are improved, and particularly grasping force of straw boards to screws is increased.