The invention relates to an environment-friendly quick-drying type adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly quick-drying type adhesive is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of water, 35-55 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 400-720 parts of monomers, 150-300 parts of VAE (Vinyl Acetateethylene Emulsion), 5-10 parts of an emulsifying agent, 5-10 parts of an initiator and 40-50 parts of a plasticizer, wherein the use amount of sodium acetate is 1.0%-2.0% of the total weight of the materials, and the use amount of sodium bicarbonate is 0.5%-1.0% of the total weight of the materials. According to the environment-friendly quick-drying type adhesive disclosed by the invention, the various performance indexes reach or exceed those of common aldehyde-containing white emulsion. The aldehyde substance is not used in the preparation process of the product, and so the adhesive is environment-friendly. The environment-friendly quick-drying type adhesive disclosed by the invention is high in bonding strength, strong in initial adhesion and quick in film-forming speed, and can be extensively used for such industries and occasions, which have extremely high requirements on environmental friendliness, water resistance, strength and bonding speed, as wood processing, paints, building materials and printing.