The invention discloses a directory path analysis method of a solid state drive (SSD)-based file system. An SSD is used as an Inode information cache of files and directories; when an application program accesses a file or a directory, a counting Bloom filter (CBF) checks whether a target Inode tag is hit on the SSD; if Inode information is hit on the SSD, the cached Inode information is directly read from the SSD and returned to the file system; otherwise, a directory path leading to a target file is analyzed step by step according to a conventional method until the corresponding Inode information is acquired; the Inode information corresponding to each directory component is added into an SSD cache in an analysis process for subsequent use; and finally, the acquired target Inode information is returned to the file system. The method has the advantages of high directory analysis speed, good directory analysis acceleration effect, high concurrent processing capacity, high compatibility, low power consumption, low time overhead and low space overhead.